Phase Contrast
Jul/100
Phase Contrast
CBT vs. ACT: Comparison and Contrast of Psychotherapeutic Methods
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy both derive from basic behavioral study and treatment. Together, both methods have more than served their intended purpose in the field of behavioral studies. Separately, there are certain variables that distinguish the two approaches, which further cause bias towards each method individually. Critics have considered both methods practical; however, have further found proposed deficiencies and discrepancies in both techniques. Nevertheless, the majority of this criticism derives from personal opinions based on desired results vs. personal preference of technique. What seems failed to be realized is that behavioral, cognitive, and acceptance and commitment techniques are not suppose to be considered "the way," but rather "a way!" The term "by any means necessary" should probably be considered prior to formulating preference. What works for some, either patient or counselor, may not work for others! However, there are still those that prefer a specific method despite the circumstances.
CBT does not appear to be a very subtle approach in that it is very confrontational. It has a sort of "sink or swim" appeal. Immediately following the identification of the cause for a certain disorder, plans are put into effect to confront the variables head on. This method is questionable due to the fact that the cause is being utilized as a control towards procedural alleviation of negative effects. Some have even considered this "make or break" technique a sense of torture, or a derivative of a "scare tactic." Nevertheless, despite the presumed inhumane conditions, this approach has been more than effectively applied, and very few cases have been reported as having an elevated negative effect on any patients. Again, what works for some, may not work for others! ACT has been both praised and condemned for its procedural methods as well. Logically, it is imperative that the patient become fully aware of their condition and the circumstances that dictate their behavior. However, the suggestion that mere coherence is sufficient enough to correct these disorders has been considered by many professional to be absurd. In support of this technique, by conditioning the avenue of perception and changing the perspective approach, or the individuals' aspect angle, negative emotions and behavioral patterns can be redirected into positive self-awareness and progressive remission.
In theory, regarding basic behavioral therapy, CBT, and ACT, all three methods could be utilized in the form of progressive therapy. By this I am suggesting that an individual begins with basic behavioral conditioning by diagnosing the disorder, and beginning treatment. In the next phase, the patient is confronted with the effects of their disorder and subjected to radical methods of reversing the effects and perspectives. Finally, the patient becomes fully aware of their condition, how it manifested, and how it can be further avoided by simply acknowledging the presence of their disorder and the effective variables that are incorporated within it. To put into a more simplified aspect, consider the following examples. Behavioral therapy patient: "Issues have consumed me, I'm in counseling, and I'm taking Prozac!" Cognitive therapy patient: "I have found a way to control my emotions by confronting my anxiety and fears!" ACT patient: "Things happen, let's move on!"
About the Author
microscopy...?
in order to view a samle under the microscope, why should I use phase contrast and not brightfield ?
It is dependent on ur sample of study. If ur sample is live, then phase contrast is usually preferred to bright field thats because in bright field, the sample is first killed and then stained to get a clear image. Another most significant reason why most biological studies are done using phase contrast is that the specimen with varying degree of darkness can be seen and this is the reason why it is widely used to observe prokaryotic, eukaryotic cells and even to study cell division such as mitosis and meiosis.
For further details on phase contrast
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/methods/microscopy/phase.html
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/physics/microscopes/phase/index.html
Living cell nucleus (onion)- phase contrast microscopy
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Microscope Led
Jul/100
Microscope Led
Acronyms can be a great thing. Otherwise when buying a Taser Gun you'd have to go into your local licensed firearm dealer and ask to purchase a Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle. Or when you're leaving the house and making sure you have everything, you'd have to think "did I remember my Thomas A Swift's Electric Rifle?"
Sounds ridiculous, but that's exactly what Taser Gun stands for. NASA researcher Jack Cover first initiated development in the late 60's and named the device after his favorite literary character, Tom Swift. His early model required gunpowder to fire which caused it to be considered a firearm.
Around twenty years later, brothers Rick and Tim Smith experienced the shooting death of two friends. This led them to research an alternate means of self-defense, one that was safe for citizens and non-lethal, but would give individuals a fighting chance when confronted with violence. They worked closely with Jack Cover to develop a Taser Gun that was electrically-powered to avoid being classified as a firearm, and by the mid-1990's they had achieved their goal with the release of the Air Taser Gun Model 34000. A feature of significant importance was the "anti-felon identification system," which was the expulsion of numerous small pieces of paper with the Taser Gun's serial number on it. This was intended to prevent criminals from using the device, as a background and criminal check was required to purchase a Taser Gun.
Taser Guns have progressed impressively in a little over a decade. They are now available in various shapes, colors, and with multiple options including a laser sight, Led Light, and varying durations of stun. Taser Guns are also able to be used in direct contact with the target if such a situation is deemed more practical than using it from a distance. It should be noted that this method of use does not incapacitate the target in the same way that happens when firing the Taser Gun's wired electrodes; instead it causes the target pain and is often used as a method of coercion.
There are models available to law enforcement only, with the main difference being that they can be effectively used at a greater distance from the target than civilian models. All Taser Guns deliver a stun of 50,000 volts.
As with any device of this kind, there are proponents and opponents to such technology. Taser Gun-related deaths are constantly being scrutinized by people on both sides of the issue, but there has yet to be solid, indisputable evidence that a Taser Gun was or was not the direct cause of death. The debate will likely rage on as long as the technology exists, but it's also quite possible that as science progresses, new technology will come about that puts an end to the argument about whether Taser Guns are safe.
In the meantime, Taser Guns should rightly be kept under the microscope, just as firearms are closely monitored. Taser Guns should be used only in self-defense, and stiff penalties should apply for misuse. When Jack Covey first envisioned Thomas A Swift's Electric Rifle, surely he wasn't intending to develop a weapon used to promote violence with reckless abandon. Tim and Rick Smith certainly didn't, rather, they were trying to curb it. Hopefully someday man's conscience will catch up to his intelligence and align for the greater good.
Joe Lau is a certified TASER instructor and the founder of BestStunGun.com which provides non-lethal self defense products such as stun guns, taser guns and pepper sprays. For more information, please visit http://www.beststungun.com
Which structure was visivle that led the students to this conclusion?
Students examining cells under the microscope were able to determine that the cells belonged to a plant species. Which structure was visivle that led the students to this conclusion?
1.Nucleus
2.chloroplasts
3.mitochondria
4. cell membrane
2. Chloroplasts
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Biological Research Microscope
Jul/100
Biological Research Microscope
For young children, a Stereo Microscope is one of the most useful gifts you can provide them with to nurture their curiosity and creativity. Usually, it is of lower power than a Compound Microscope with magnification levels at approximately 10X-40X. And as children can study whole albeit small objects like flowers, insects and rocks as well as Prepared Slides under it, they will have fun with the device.
However, children being what they are, you will need to supervise their activities with the microscope. This will ensure their safety and prolong the life of the equipment.
Set-Up
First and foremost, make sure that the microscope is placed on a flat surface, preferably a tabletop, with plenty of room for working purposes. It must be within easy reach of the person using it whilst still securely within the working area's perimeter. You don't want your expensive stereo microscope shattering at your feet, do you?
Second, ensure that you plug the microscope into the appropriate outlet. Just follow specification on this matter to avoid mishaps. Plus, make sure that excess cord is safely positioned - think hidden - such that no one will trip on it.
Third, use either the bottom lighting or top lighting of the stereo microscope to have the best view of the target. For opaque objects, use top lighting while transparent objects mounted on slides view best in bottom lighting.
Now that you have properly set up your microscope and work station, it's time to let your kids enjoy the show.
Use
When placing your specimen under the stereo microscope, use the stage clips when and where necessary. For example, specimens that curl up at the side can be studied better when it lies flat upon the stage.
However, if your specimen is considerably larger than the stage, it's a good idea to unclip the stage clips. This way, you have more room to work with the specimen under study.
When focusing, you can either turn the focus knob or turn the specimen. The trick is in making sure that the specimen is directly under the Objective Lens. Plus, be sure to focus as slowly as possible to avoid eye strain.
For small children, you have to supervise them by looking at the eyepiece once in a while. You have to guide them, too, in using the equipment as sudden turns can affect the device's future performance.
Maintenance
As soon as you are finished using the stereo microscope, you have to turn off the switch, remove the target/specimen, unplug the power cord, and then cover it with its Dust Cover. All these precautions are necessary to prevent the microscope from faster wear and tear.
And you don't use just about any cleaning solvent on your microscope either! For the body, use a soft dry cloth to wipe away the dust on the exterior while a non-solvent cleaning solution is best for the lenses' exterior side and a bulb-type duster for its interior side.
In all these activities, keep in mind that a stereo microscope is a delicate and dear piece of equipment in more ways than one. As such, care must be exercised when using and maintaining it. This way, you and your children can enjoy many more adventures in the world of microscopy!
CanScope - complete solution for all your microscopy needs.
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Visit CanScope.ca for your microscope needs. All of their microscopes, from the biological microscopes, to the polarized light microscope to the stereo microscope are a joy to own. Buy now!
Digital pathology in research
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Led Microscope
Jul/100
Led Microscope
The work of Planck, Einstein, and Compton led to the acceptance of the quantum theory of energy that stated light comes in discrete packets of energy called photons and though mostly wave light also has particle properties. Their work inspired Bohr to develop an atomic model explaining the behavior of electrons.
However, Bohr's model was doomed to fail because he modified classical mechanics to make his ideas work. The old Newtonian physics didn't work in the subatomic world, a new physics was needed to solve the problems of the atom and its particles.
Matter Waves
In 1924 a French graduate student, Louis de Broglie, was impressed with Einstein's 1905 discovery and the dual nature of light. So impressed, that in his graduate thesis, he suggested that since nature is often symmetric, matter which is mostly particle should also have wave properties. These waves were not electromagnetic but a new kind of wave, matter waves.
Using the equations of Planck, Einstein and Compton, he developed an equation for the wavelength of matter waves, but had no experimental evidence to support his proposal.
But in 1927, the American physicists Clinton J. Davisson and Lester H. Germer verified de Broglie's hypothesis experimentally. They were able to diffract a beam of electrons in a crystal of nickel and only waves can be diffracted. Therefore, if an electron that is particle can be diffracted, it must have wave properties. De Broglie was right, matter has wave properties.
Standing Waves
In 1926 Erwin Schrödinger combined the Bohr model with de Broglie's hypothesis.
He proposed the electron was a 3-D waveform circling the nucleus in a whole number of wavelengths allowing the waveform to repeat itself as a stable standing wave representing the energy levels of the Bohr model.
A standing wave is one that does not transfer energy or move but it does undergo resonance. That is to say, it can absorb energy from a nearby source which is oscillating at a proper frequency.
A standing wave must also have a wavelength such that a whole number of wave segments fit within its setting. If the number of wave segments isn't a whole number then the wave will collapse.
Schrödinger suggested that de Broglie was correct about matter waves and the electrons are located in the atomic space according to standing wave frequencies. Therefore, the energy needed to change from one standing wave to another must be quantized in order to maintain a whole number of wavelengths and avoid collapsing.
In support of his hypothesis, Schrödinger developed a mathematical equation to describe the wave-like behavior of the electron. The Schrödinger wave equation not only gave the correct energy levels for the hydrogen atom, but also was somewhat useful in atoms with more than one electron.
This mathematical description of the details of atomic behavior became known as the Wave-mechanical model. I invite you to learn more about chemistry at http://yourCHEMcoach.com or http://mrcausey.info/chemistry
Unit Membrane Model of membrane structure question?
In the 1950s, J. D. Robertson reported that all the membranes he observed in the Electron Microscope looked the same. This led to his proposal of the unit membrane model of membrane structure suggesting that all membranes were exactly alike. Why was this model eventually rejected?
In 1966, Lenard and Singer noted that over 30% of membrane proteins were twisted into an alpha helix. This made it likely that there were many spherical proteins.
http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/membrane_intro.htm
Basic Membrane Architecture
The purpose of this presentation will be to show how membranes are studied by the cell biologist. First, we will look at basic unit membrane architecture. All membranes contain proteins and lipid. However, the proportion of each varies depending on the membrane. For example:
Myelin, which insulates nerve fibers, contains only 18% protein and 76% lipid. A electron micrograph of myelin is to the right.
Mitochondrial inner membrane contain 76% protein and only 24% lipid.
Plasma membranes of human red blood cells and mouse liver contain nearly equal amounts of proteins (44, 49% respectively) and lipids (43, 52% respectively).
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Microscope Storage
Jul/100
Microscope Storage
We reside in an arena of matter, which we experience as solid, and a sector of forces, which act upon these solid things. But quantum physics is clear that what we call solid matter is made of oscillating matter wave packets, and what we call forces are made of oscillating energy wave packets. In fact, everything is made of oscillating wave packets of one kind of another. Scientists have long puzzled over force field phenomena that don't fit the 4 known forces : electromagnetic, gravity, weak and powerful forces.
These force field that don't fall into the classical 4 are sometimes labeled "subtle energies." they are called "subtle" because they can't be noted or measured by any known instrumentation. Dr. William Tiller, Professor Emeritus of Stanford School , has spent decades studying sophisticated energy phenomena. He accepts sophisticated energies as real, and as providing explanatory power for scientifically documented phenomena that can't be explained by the 4 known forces. Much of these documented phenomena describe the particular influence that refined energies have on classical electric fields. Electric fields are made from 2 basic kinds of energy wave packets : electrons and photons. Dr. Tiller claims a serious relationship exists between refined energies and electro-magnetic fields. Proof points towards a robust relationship.
Proof also reveals that, if delicate energies can be acted on in particular strategies, they can yield categorical ends up in electric phenomena - maybe acting immediately on the wave packet states. According to Dr. Tiller, this action may happen thru the magnetic vector potentials.
Clarus invents and manufactures new kinds of patron and commercial products called considerate resonators. A considerate resonator creates a coupling circuit between refined energies and classical electromagnetic energies. This coupling circuit does three critical things.
One. It converts raw subtle energies into explained, highly-delineated and highly-concentrated refined energies. In the sense used here, "raw" is like raw materials that are converted from a comparatively chaotic state into a more ordered, more refined state.
After conversion, the sophisticated energies are, in effect, presumed to be more intensified and condensed. Two. It conducts these converted delicate energies into an environmental space. The dimensions of the space can range between a three foot round radius to a fifty foot round radius.
When the converted delicate energies are conducted into an environment, they act more at once than diffused or raw refined energies on the systems both comprise and influence. Three. This conversion and conduction actively effects the performance of phenomena in the influenced space - especially phenomena which employs electric fields. Clarus makes two kinds of considerate resonators. Each type is made of hardware which is treated and embellished by a master producing device that conducts super-refined refined energies. One type is the considerate resonator employed in the QLink Pendant. It is engineered using three elements : a resonating cell, a tuning board and an amplifying coil.
The main part, the resonating cell, works as a crystalline oscillator to convert and conduct subtle energy into more coherent energy states, ones which are conducive to the health energy states of the person. The tuning board strengthens the resonating cell to function in a particular range or energy range. It harmonizes and protects the functioning of the resonating cell. The amplifying coil shapes and strengthens the dimensions of the energy field that is conducted.
It extends the power of the compassionate resonance into a 3-dimensional field. This whole process explains the user's energy states, and thus braces the internal power and resilience of the wearer, letting him to better clear out chaotic type energies. Electric energy isn't needed for this resonator since it gets power from the energy of the person wearing it.
Because electric power isn't applied, and thanks to the unique way a considerate resonator works, the cell, tuning board and amplifying coil don't have to be physically wired as they'd with an ordinary Hertzian electronic circuit. A 2nd type is the circuit boards employed in the QLink ClearWaves and Ally.
These are not normal electric engineering-type circuit boards, but are made for their own purpose to convert and conduct sophisticated energies.
These circuit boards use an actively-powered oscillator to increase the influential range of the instrument. There's a 3rd sort of considerate resonator hardware that Clarus does not design or make, but which shows great guarantee. Clarus can in theory use existing industrial and end-user products as resonators, as indicated by research into these areas. These existing products are treated and embellished by the master producing energy field, and they become effective compassionate resonators when turned on. To date, Clarus has conducted limited RD with hardware products made by firms aside from Clarus. The 2 first hardware platforms have been batteries and CDs / DVDs. The materials employed in these products permits batteries to function as compassionate resonators, and also permits CDs and DVDs to function as compassionate resonators when played in standard media systems. Clarus is playing with the use of these CD / DVD optical storage platforms to engender a radically new control interface that creates total emotional immersion in the media.
Paul Fitzgerald, EMF expert, graduated from NJIT in Newark, NJ. He has been studying EMF's for over 15 years. He has done over 100 radio shows in 2006 and promotes promotes cell phone radiation reduction airtube headsets to the public for protection from cell phone radiation, go to Airtube Headsets. To educate yourself go to http://www.emfnews.org. Also, Qlink Pendants for Cell tower Protection and in home radiation protection.
A few Biology questions?
Which of the following large molecules in living things are fats and used as energy storage?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Enzymes
---
Which type of microscope gives a 3-dimensional view of the specimen?
Scanning Electron microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
Nuclear Magnetic resonance microscope
Compound Light microscope
---
Which of the following organelles are not found in animal cells?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Vacuoles
---
What are the 4 major elements of living things?
Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Silicon, Magnesium, Zinc and Iodine
Sodium, Potassium, Sulfur and Magnesium
Water, Proteins, Carbohydrates and Lipids
---
The _____________ is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes and helps to digest waste inside the cell.
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Thanks to really help! Thanks.
1. Lipids
2. Scanning Electron Microscope
3. Chloroplast
4. Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen
5. Lysosome
You're Welcome.
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